Method and arrangement for the multiple and directed receiving of radiosignals



Dec. 13, 1927. 1,652,388

V. I. BASHENOFF METHOD AND ARRANGEMENT FOR THE MULTIPLE AND DIRECTED RECEIVING 0F RADIO SIGNALS Filed June 18, 1923 Inventor:

Patented Dec. 13, 1927. I

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

VALERIAN IVANOVITSCH BASHENOFF, F MOSCOW, RUSSIA.

METHOD AND ARRANGEMENT FOR THE MULTIPLE AND DIRECTED RECEIVING OF RADIOSIGNALS.

Application filed June 18, 1923, Serial No. 646,160, and in Germany June 20, 1922.

Stations for directed receiving have alarranged at angles with regard to one anready become known in which either a great other and radially with regard to the supnumber of directing open antennae arranged port, said antenna circuits being directed at different angles or coil antennae in pivotupon the determined sending station and able frames are used. adapted to be connected in a maner known The known arrangements of this type per se with a separate receiving circuit or have however several inconveniences some of with a separate testing circuit. which will be mentioned hereafter and which In comparison with the well known ringare to be avoided by this invention. receiving stations, which are most like 10 In the ring receiving stations which have the object of the invention the advantage become known a plurality of open antennais obtained that the effect in the receiving circuits are arranged at different angles so set is considerably greater and independent that the earth forms part of the circuit of the condition of the ground owing to the whereby on the one hand the intensity and use of closed circuits.

15 the precision of the tuning in the'receiver Compared with the directed receiving sysis considerably influenced and on the other tem ofBellini and Tozi the invention has hand the intensity of the tuning becomes the advantage that a multiple receiving bedifi'ercnt for the several antennae circuits as comes possible without difficulty as the muthe antenna-decrement is dependent on the tual effects from induction are of secondary 20 carrying condition of the ground. importance only. A much greater audi- Bcllini and Tozi have proposed a directed bility is further ensured and all the otherreceiving station after the radio goniometric Wise necessary very careful adjustments are principle with only two frame antennae avoided. crossed at an angle of 90. But the work- Compared with the frame coil receivers 25 ing with such stations is rather bothersome. the improved system presents the advan- The two independent antennae have to be adtages that, owing to the larger surfaces of justed carefully, to be accurately tuned, the the closed receiving circuits, these circuits frequency and the damping of the same has need only one or a few windings. The useto be absolutely alike. The induction couful effective resistance .is therefore much 0 pling between the two induction coils and lower which is of special importance in rethe neutralizing of disturbing currents is ceiving on short wave lengths wherefrom also very difficult. results under otherwise equal amplification The frame receivers commonly used ,posconditions a considerably greater intensity sess the inconvenience that, owing to weak of sound in the telephone.

35 receiving, they require considerable ampli- It has already been proposed about 15 fication and that they represent besides an years ago to use closed clrcuits for the enasymmetric receiver, e. g. the two maxima eral receiving but these proposals have ad are not equal and the angle between the minlittle results as it was not known that for ima of audibility deviates from 180 as caremultiple and eflicie-nt receiving it would be 40 ful tests have shown, The frame receivers necessary t0 use circuits 0f large area and can, therefore not be called reliable directwith a few windings only. This knowledge ing apparatus. discovered by the inventor has been con- The invention has for its object to obviate firmed by mathematical analysis and by or at least to reduce the inconveniences of practical experiences.

45 the known systems and with this object in The invention will be best understood View a. middle course is proposed which confrom a consideration of the following desists in utilizing a plurality of closed an-. tailed description taken in connection with tenna circuits of large cross section and of the accompanying drawings forming a part low number of turns, said circuits being of this specification, with the understanding that while in the drawings different embodiments of the invention are disclosed, the invention is not confined to any strict conformity with the showing of the drawings but maybe embodied in any manner which does. not mark a material departure from the salient features of the invention.

The drawing represents a more or less schematic representation ofa station with umbrella-antenna transformed partly for directed receiving.

As shown in the drawing the right half ofithe station, of which only one open circuit is indicated by dotted lines, is not altered but the station is adjusted by regulation of the capacity and induction of all circuits for the work to be done by means of one half of the net. In this half the receiving and sending of signals is carried out as usual during the whole time. The second half of the station has been transformed for directed receiving. At the upper end of the support, instead of the commonly used netlines CD, lines A'M with counterpoises or electric balances hung up with the aid of insulators or, if the insulator of the existing station is of egg-shape, all the former wires with counterpoises are connected with a long insulator consisting of five to eight members the wires being connected in the intervalsbetween the several members as shown on the drawing. The tormernet-wires CD are connected at the lower end, of the support to a ring for counterpoises or to any other device, according to the system of the radiostation by means of insulators arranged at the ends ofthe aerial-wires or, if the insulator of the existing radio-station is egg- .shaped, all former wires of the aerial are.

connected with a long insulator composed of five to eight or more members in the intervals between the several members. The ,lowerrend M,c of each former counterpoise wire is electrically connected with the former aerial-wire situated in the same vertical plane.

The whole system is stretched at the point M by a pull wire (over a simple insulator or sists of line A, line B,c connected to- A at M,

wire R connected to B,c and wire 0 connected to the upper end of line A, the testing or receiving set being inserted between the wiresR and O.

From the upper end of each counter poise wireAM a separate connecting wire 0 is conducted downward and similar connecting Wires R are branched ofi from the lower ends of the circuits.

Any number of such circuits in accordance with the material at disposal (antenna 1 If the field of observation forms an angle of m-degree (O m 180) all the 'n-vertical closed antenna circuits stand with regard to each other at an angular distance (i=2; and

the accuracy of observation becomes still greater. All connect-ions O,R of the circuit are conducted in a manner known per se to corresponding switch N so that each circuit, one after the other, may be inserted into the testing circuit. An adjustable condenser C is connected with the two terminalsof the changing switch N. In order to increase the area of the receiving waves in longitudinal direction the lengthening induction coil of the receiver may be inserted also in series.

It will, be seen from the above that one of the objects of the invention is to provide for the utilization of the material available in the open circuit antennae for the corresponding portion of the closed circuit antennae. The right hand portion of the drawing which shows one open circuit antenna shows it to be composed of the antenna CD, the anchoring wire EF, which is insulatingly connected to one end of wire CD, and is connected to the post P at the other end, and the counterpoise or electric balance wire AB. These wires are insulated each from the other. k

The left hand portion of the figure shows the manner in which the same material was utilized for the closed circuit antenna. The wire AM consists of the wires CD, and E'F that 'formerly served as open antenna and anchoring wire respectively. The wire BC which connects the points M, D, is the same as AB, which formerly served as a counterpoise or electric balance. Thus an umbrella shaped antenna having a plurality of open antenna wires is converted into the type of antenna described herein by utilizing the material of the open antennae. When these changes are, accomplished the inductances and capacities of the closed circuit antennae must be maintained equal to the inductances and capacities of the open antennae.

terminals of a changing lUU The telephone circuit is laid on the terminals of the condenser C a detector D and a block condenser C being inserted in a manner known per se in said telephone circuit.

According to the improved method for observing the unknown radio wave the operator sits with the telephone on the ears and tries to ascertain, in rotating the condenser C, and the changing switch N Whether the unknown wave has started. If on any circuit he has ascertained this wave he tunes the condenser to a resonance with'the arriving unknown wave and continues to work exclusively with the changing switch in moving from one circuit to the other and in recording on the apparatus-register the number of the circuit and the corresponding audibility. The circuit at the switching-in of which the maximal sound is obtained in the telephone is closest to the vertical plane which connects the unknown transmitting point of the waves with the centre of the aerial net of the receiving station whlch nakes the observations. This could be found out also from the minimum of the receiving strength with the aid of a parallel resistance. It is well known that the accuracy of such observation is equal to the magnitude of the angle between the circuits. With five circuits for instance the precision i. e. the greatestpossible error of the determination of the direction of the unknown radio-sta- 180 180 o 5 x 4 10 x 4 and so on, it being supposed that allcircuits are uniformly distributed in the whole half circle. I

It has been supposed above that only one half of the normal umbrella-antenna is sub mitted to the transformation, all the elements of said umbrella-antenna being used for the composition of closed circuits required for the directed radio receiving. The whole umbrella-antenna may however remain unaltered if closed circuits consisting of auxiliary wires are inserted between its open circuits. In this case the efliciency of the stationin proportion to its normal work (transmitting and receiving of radiograms) would not be diminished. In order to preserve the normal working method and to avoid a considerable mutual induction it is however better to arrange the umbrellation is 9 with 10 circuits antenna of all open circuits only upon one half of the circle by reducing the intervals, the other free half being however used for the closed circuits consisting of reserve antenna-conductors.

According to the wave length and distance I the closed circuits may consist of one or sevcralwindings inserted in series or in parallel. V "The invention permits to utilize iii this manner existing radio-stations at the same time for searching the transmitting station. Special radiocompass stations may also serve for the general undirected receiving with corresponding arrangement accordopen aerials must be equal to that of the closed circuit aerials so that the tuning of the open and closed aerials coincide at all wave lengths. The open or closed aerial may also be aperiodic for the same purpose.

The operator searches for the unknown Wave on the open aerial and after he has syntonized himself on this wave he goes over to the closed net with the aid of which the searching is executed as described above. The arrangement of the directed receiving on stations of wireless telegraphy permits not only to determine the position (direction) of the corresponding radio-stations. but also to arrange for the selective and multiple receiving (e. g. the selective receiving under the most favorable conditions from ficiently large angle with one another. If

a station has several receivers it may be swit ched in simultaneously for several closed clrcults to receive atonce messages from several stations.

In order to enable the simultaneous re-.

ceiving from several radio-stations the lines of direction of which form a determined angle the one with the other it is suflicient for the special case mentioned above to switch in each pair of opposite terminals of the changing-over switch, for instance With the aid of a plug, to the separate receiving circuit, of which a detailed description has been given above (includingC C and T). In this case, when all plugs are switched out, and the changing over switch has been transferred from one circuit to the other the directed receiving from a radiostation takes place. When however the changing over switch is at rest and all or some of the plugs are inserted the simultaneous receiving of the work of several radio-stations (according to the number of the plugs inserted) takes place.

The invention permits also of the use of the duplex service.

I claim 2-- 1. An antenna device consisting in the combination of an open antenna for allround radio-signals, said means consisting of closed circuits of large area and a low number of for the simultaneous receiving of several signals from several stations, which work with different wave lengths, said circuits being radially arranged around the mast supporting the open antenna and turned on the sending stations, from which messages have to be received each closed circuit being connected with a separate receiving-testing circuit.

2. An antenna device consisting in the combination of an open antenna for allround reception and transmission of signals'with means for the multiple directed receiving of radio-signals, said means consisting of closed circuits of large area and a low number of windings for the simultaneous receiving of several signals from several stations, which work with difi'erent wave lengths, said circuits being radially arranged around the mast supporting the open antenna and turned on the sending stations. from which messages have to be received, each closed circuit being connected with a separate receiving-testing circuit, a change-over switch by the switch arm of which the. circuits for directed reception may be successively inserted into one and the same receiving circuit. I

3. An antenna device consisting in the combination of an open umbrella antenna, the said umbrella antenna forming one half of the antenna device, the other half of the antenna device being formed of closed circuits differently tuned for the directed reception of diflerent wave lengths emitted from difi'erent stations, said closed circuits being formed in such a manner that the in sulators between the antenna wire, the anchoring wire, and the electric balance wire of the open oscillatory circuit antenna are eliminated, the ends of the closed oscillation circuit being extended by means of convenient devices to two contact groups of a suitable change over switch, said contact groups be ing adapted to be connected in pairs with the terminals of the receiving circuit or of a separate testing circuit.

4. An antenna device consisting in the combination of an open antenna for allround reception and transmission of signals with means for the multiple directed receiving of radio-signals, said means consisting of closed circuits of large area and a low number of windings for simultaneous receiving of several signals from several stations, which work with different wave lengths, said circuits being radially arranged around the common mast between the open circuits of the normal radio-station.

5. An antenna device consisting in the combination of an open antenna for all round reception and transmission of signals with means for the multiple directed receiving of radio signals, said means consisting of closed circuits of large area and a low number of windings for the simultaneous receiving of several signals from several stations, said circuits being radially arranged around the mast supporting the open antenna, the capacity and the inductance of the several closed circuits and of the open an tenna being e ual.

Signed at oscow this 29th day of May,

' VAU-ZRIAN IVANOVITSCH BASHENOFF. 

